JAVA

                                              Variable in java 

A variable is a name which is related with a worth that can be changed. 

For instance when I compose int i=10; here factor name is I which is related with esteem 10,int is an information type that addresses that this variable can hold whole number qualities.

 We will cover the information types in the following instructional exercise. In this instructional exercise, we will examine about factors.

HOW TO DECLARE VARIABLE IN JAVA

To proclaim a variable follow this sentence structure: 

data_type variable_name = esteem; 

here esteem is discretionary in light of the fact that in java, you can proclaim the variable first and afterward allocate the worth to it. 

For instance: Here num is a variable and int is an information type. We will examine the information type in next instructional exercise so don't stress a lot over it, simply comprehend that int information type permits this num variable to hold number qualities. You can peruse information types here however I would prescribe you to wrap up perusing this guide prior to continuing to the following one. 

int num; 

Additionally we can relegate the qualities to the factors while pronouncing them, similar to this: 

roast ch = 'A'; 

int number = 100; 

or then again we can do it like this: 

roast ch; 

int number; 

ch = 'A'; 

number = 100; 

Factors naming show in java 

1) Variables naming can't contain void areas, for instance: int num ber = 100; is invalid in light of the fact that the variable name has space in it. 

2) Variable name can start with uncommon characters, for example, $ and _ 

3) according to the java coding norms the variable name should start with a lower case letter, for instance int number;

 For protracted factors names that has more than one words do it like this: int smallNumber; int bigNumber; (start the second word with capital letter). 

4) Variable names are case delicate in Java. 

Kinds of Variables in Java 

There are three kinds of factors in Java. 

1) Local variable 2) Static (or class) variable 3) Instance variable 

Static (or class) Variable 

Static factors are otherwise called class variable since they are related with the class and normal for every one of the examples of class.

 For instance, If I make three objects of a class and access this static variable, it would be normal for every one of,

 the progressions made to the variable utilizing one of the item would reflect when you access it through different articles.

Example of Static variable

public class StaticVarExample 

{ 

public static String myClassVar="class or static variable"; 

public static void main(String args[])

{ 

StaticVarExample obj = new StaticVarExample(); 

StaticVarExample obj2 = new StaticVarExample(); 

StaticVarExample obj3 = new StaticVarExample(); 

/All three will show "class or static variable" 

System.out.println(obj.myClassVar); 

System.out.println(obj2.myClassVar); 

System.out.println(obj3.myClassVar); 

/changing the estimation of static variable utilizing obj2 

obj2.myClassVar = "Changed Text"; 

/All three will show "Changed Text" 

System.out.println(obj.myClassVar); 

System.out.println(obj2.myClassVar); 

System.out.println(obj3.myClassVar);

} 

}

OUTPUT: 

class or static variable 

class or static variable 

class or static variable 

Changed Text

Changed Text 

Changed Text 

As you can see each of the three assertions showed a similar yield independent of the occurrence through which it is being gotten to. 

That is the reason we can get to the static factors without utilizing the articles this way: 

System.out.println(myClassVar); 

Do take note of that lone static factors can be gotten to like this. This doesn't have any significant bearing for example and neighborhood factors. 

Example variable:

Each instance(objects) of class has its own duplicate of case variable. In contrast to static variable, case factors have their own different duplicate of case variable.

 We have changed the occasion variable worth utilizing object obj2 in the accompanying system and when we showed the variable utilizing each of the three items, just the obj2 esteem got transformed, others stay unaltered. This shows that they have their own duplicate of example variable. 

Illustration of Instance variable 

public class InstanceVarExample { 

String myInstanceVar="instance variable"; 

public static void main(String args[]){ 

InstanceVarExample obj = new InstanceVarExample(); 

InstanceVarExample obj2 = new InstanceVarExample(); 

InstanceVarExample obj3 = new InstanceVarExample(); 

System.out.println(obj.myInstanceVar); 

System.out.println(obj2.myInstanceVar); 

System.out.println(obj3.myInstanceVar); 

obj2.myInstanceVar = "Changed Text"; 

System.out.println(obj.myInstanceVar); 

System.out.println(obj2.myInstanceVar); 

System.out.println(obj3.myInstanceVar); 

} 

} 

Output: 

case variable 

case variable 

case variable 

case variable 

Changed Text 

case variable 

Neighborhood Variable 

These factors are pronounced inside strategy for the class. Their degree is restricted to the technique which implies that You can't change their qualities and access them outside of the strategy. 

In this model, I have announced the example variable with a similar name as nearby factor, this is to show the extent of neighborhood factors. 

Illustration of Local variable 

public class VariableExample { 

/example variable 

public String myVar="instance variable"; 

public void myMethod(){ 

/neighborhood variable 

String myVar = "Inside Method"; 

System.out.println(myVar); 

} 

public static void main(String args[]){ 

/Creating object 

VariableExample obj = new VariableExample(); 

/* We are calling the strategy, that changes the 

* estimation of myVar. We are showing myVar again after 

* the technique call, to show that the neighborhood 

* variable degree is restricted to the actual strategy. 

*/ 

System.out.println("Calling Method"); 

obj.myMethod(); 

System.out.println(obj.myVar); 

} 

} 

OUTPUT:

Calling Method 

Inside Method 

case variable 

On the off chance that I hadn't proclaimed the occurrence variable and just announced the nearby factor inside strategy then the explanation System.out.println(obj.myVar)

; would have tossed aggregation mistake. As you can't change and access neighborhood factors outside the technique.

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JAVA

 **HOW TO COMPILE RUN  YOUR FIRST JAVA PROGRAME**

In this instructional exercise, we will perceive how to compose, assemble and run a java program. 

I will likewise cover java sentence structure, code shows and a few different ways to run a java program.

Simple java programe

public class hello

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

System.out.println("Welcome to Amresh ji in this Java  Taturiols");

}

        } 

output : Welcome to Amresh ji in this Java  Taturiols

How to compile and Run java Programe.

Stage 1: Open a content tool, similar to Notepad on windows and TextEdit on Mac. Duplicate the above program and glue it in the content manager. 

You can likewise utilize IDE like Eclipse to run the java program yet we will cover that part later in the coming instructional exercises. For effortlessness, I will just utilize content manager and order brief (or terminal) for this instructional exercise 

Stage 2: Save the record as FirstJavaProgram.java. You might be asking why we have named the document as FirstJavaProgram, indeed we ought to consistently name the record same as the public class name. In our program, the public class name is FirstJavaProgram, that is the reason our record name ought to be FirstJavaProgram.java. 

Stage 3: In this progression, we will aggregate the program. For this, open order brief (cmd) on Windows, in the event that you are Mac OS, open Terminal. 

To gather the program, type the accompanying order and hit enter. 

javac FirstJavaProgram.java 

You may get this mistake when you attempt to arrange the program: "javac' isn't perceived as an inner or outer order, operable program or bunch document". This mistake happens when the java way isn't set in your framework 

Assuming you get this mistake, you first need to set the way before accumulation. 

Set Path in Windows: 

Open order brief (cmd), go to where you have introduced java on your framework and find the canister catalog, duplicate the total way and compose it in the order this way. 

set path=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin 

Note: Your jdk variant might be unique. Since I have java adaptation 1.8.0_121 introduced on my framework, I referenced something similar while setting up the way. 

Set Path in Mac OS X 

Open Terminal, type the accompanying order and hit return. 

send out JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/Home 

Type the accompanying order on terminal to affirm the way. 

reverberation $JAVA_HOME 

That is it.

he ventures above are for setting up the way transitory which implies when you close the order brief or terminal, the way settings will be lost and you should set the way again next time you use it. 

I will share the perpetual way arrangement direct in the coming instructional exercise. 

Stage 4: After gathering the .java record gets converted into the .class file(byte code).

 Presently we can run the program. To run the program, type the accompanying order and hit enter: 

java FirstJavaProgram 

Note that you ought not attach the .java augmentation to the record name while running the program. 

More critical look to the First Java Program 

Since we have seen how to run a java program, let have a more intensive glance at the program we have composed previously. 

public class FirstJavaProgram 

{ 

This is the primary line of our java program. 

Each java application should have in any event one class definition that comprises of class watchword followed by class name.

 At the point when I say watchword, it implies that it ought not be transformed, we should utilize it all things considered.

Anyway the class name can be anything. 

I have unveiled the class by utilizing free modifier, I will cover access modifier in a different post,

 all you need to realize since a java document can have quite a few classes yet it can have just a single public class and the record name ought to be same as open class name. 

public static void main(String[] args)

 { 

This is our next line in the program, lets separate it to get it: 

public: This unveils the fundamental strategy that implies that we can call the technique from outside the class. 

static: We don't have to make object for static strategies to run. They can run itself. 

void: It doesn't bring anything back. 

primary: It is the technique name. This is the section point technique from which the JVM can run your program. 

(String[] args): Used for order line contentions that are passed as strings. We will cover that in a different post. 

System.out.println("This is my first program in java"); 

This strategy prints the substance inside the twofold statements into the comfort and embeds a newline after.

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JAVA

 Java Virtual Machine (JVM), JDK, JRE And JVM- CORE JAVA.

Java is a general programming language. 

A program written in undeniable level language can't be run on any machine straightforwardly. 

In the first place, it should be converted into that specific machine language. 

The javac compiler does this thing, it takes java program (.java record containing source code) and makes an interpretation of it into machine code (alluded as byte code or .class document). 

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that dwells in the genuine machine (your PC) and the machine language for JVM is byte code. 

This makes it simpler for compiler as it needs to create byte code for JVM as opposed to various machine code for each sort of machine. 

JVM executes the byte code created by compiler and produce yield. JVM is the one that makes java stage free. 

Thus, presently we comprehended that the essential capacity of JVM is to execute the byte code created by compiler. 

Each working framework has distinctive JVM, anyway the yield they produce after execution of byte code is same across all working frameworks. 

Which implies that the byte code produced on Windows can be run on Mac OS and the other way around. That is the reason we call java as stage free language. 

Exactly the same thing can be found in the chart beneath: 

JVM

So to sum up everything: The Java Virtual machine (JVM) is the virtual machine that sudden spikes in demand for genuine machine (your PC) and executes Java byte code.

 The JVM doesn't comprehend Java source code, that is the reason we need to have javac compiler that arranges

 *.java records to acquire *.class documents that contain the byte codes comprehended by the JVM

. JVM makes java versatile (compose once, run anyplace). 

Each working framework has diverse JVM, anyway the yield they produce after execution of byte code is same across all working frameworks.

Lets  Check  How  JVM works.

Class Loader: The class loader peruses the .class document and save the byte code in the strategy region. 

Technique Area: There is just a single strategy region in a JVM which is divided between every one of the classes. This holds the class level data of each .class record. 

Store: Heap is a piece of JVM memory where articles are dispensed. JVM makes a Class object for each .class record. 

Stack: Stack is an additionally a piece of JVM memory however dissimilar to Heap, it is utilized for putting away brief factors. 

PC Registers: This monitors which guidance has been executed and which one will be executed. Since guidelines are executed by strings, each string has a different PC register. 

Local Method stack: A local technique can get to the runtime information spaces of the virtual machine. 

Local Method interface: It empowers java code to call or be called by local applications. Local applications are programs that are explicit to the equipment and OS of a framework. 

Trash assortment: A class occurrence is expressly made by the java code and after use it is consequently obliterated by trash assortment for memory the executives.

 

JVM Vs JRE Vs JDK 

JRE: JRE is the climate inside which the java virtual machine runs. JRE contains Java virtual Machine(JVM), class libraries, and different records barring advancement apparatuses like compiler and debugger. 

Which implies you can run the code in JRE however you can't create and order the code in JRE. 

JVM: As we examined above, JVM shows the program to utilizing class, libraries and documents given by JRE.

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SQA (SOFTWARE QUALTIY ASSURANCE ) MCQ WITH ANS

                            MCQ:  Software Quality Assurance.

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1.The term middleware is sometimes referred to an interface between_____. 

a. different kinds of hardware. b .system software & application software 

c. hardware and software d. none of above. 

2.Calculation errors occur due to______. 

a. bad logic. b .coding errors 

c. data type mismatch d. all of the above 

3.To avoid faulty code ,following techniques is/are used________. 

a. code analysis. b .peer review 

c. methodologies for software development 

d. all of the above 

4.An application must score in the following areas___________. 

a.Oprational b .Transitional 

c. Maintenance d. all of the above 

5.The two aspects of software quality are___________. 

a. Conformance to specification b .meet user needs or requirements 

c. Both a and b d. all of the above 

6._____is a set of activities that define and assess the adequately of software processes to provide evidence that establishes confidence that the software processes are appropriate for and produce software products of suitable quality for their intended purpose. 

a. Software Quality Assurance b .Software Quality Management 

c. Software Project Assurance d. all of the above 

7.______is meant to minimize the costs of quality by introducing a variety of activities throughout the development and maintenance process in order to prevent the cause of errors, detect them and correct them in early stages of development. 

a. Quality Control(QC) b .Quality Assurance(QA) 

c. both a and b d. all of the above 

8.Software_____are the software errors that cause the incorrect functioning of the software during a specific application. 

a. errors b .faults 

c. failures d. all of the above 

9._______is a set of activities carried out with the main objective of withholding products from shipment if they do not qualify. 

a. Quality Control(QC)  .b.Quality Assurance(QA) 

c. . both a and b d. none of the above 

10._____is a application of systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of the software. 

a. Software Scienece b .Software technology 

c. Software Enginnering. d none of the above 

11.____refers to an underlying condition within a software that causes certain failure(s) to occur. 

a.fault.  b failure 

c. error d. all of the above 

12.QA revolves around three issues mainly___________. 

a.reliability b .efficiency 

c. flexibility 

d. all of the above 

13.Product ________may be measured by way of the variety of operational modes the product allows. 

a.complexity b .reliability 

c. visibility d. all of the above 

14._______refers to a behavioral deviation from the user requirement or the product specification. 

a. error   .b failure 

c. fault d. all of the above 

15.______refers to a missing or incorrect human action resulting in certain fault(S) begin injected into a software. 

a. error   .b failure 

c. Maintenance d. none of the above 

16.Common categories of software errors are______. 

a. Functionality errors b .Communication Errors 

c. Syntatic Error d. all of the above 

17. Select which option is not true about SQA…? 

a. Evaluations to be performed b. Documents that are produced by the SQA team. 

c. Audits and reviews to be performed d. Amount of technical work to be performed by the team 

18. What is the first step of QA? 

a. Identification of customer need b .Servicing 

c. Development of standards d. Material control 

19. Which of the following option is correct regarding QA and QC? 

a. QC is an integral part of QA b.QA is an integral part of QC 

c. QA and QC are independent to each other d. QC may or may not depend on QA 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

20.What is Quality? 

21.What is QA? 

22.What is SQA? 

23.List a number of quality assurance elements. 

24.What is fault? 

25.What is error? 

26.What is defect? 

27.What is failure? 

28.What is software engineering? 

Chapter 2. Software Quality Architecture & Components 

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1. Reviews can be categorized as _______. 

a. Formal design and peer review b .Product & documentation review 

c. Requirements & product review d. all of the above 

2. Documentataion control functions refer mainly to ________. 

a. Customer requirement documentation b .design report 

c. contract documents & development standards d. all of the above 

3.________assures that the project commitments have been clearly defined considering the resources required, the schedule & budget and the development and quality plans have been currently determined. 

a.componenets of the project life cycle activities assessments 

b . componenet of software quality management 

c. Pre-project componenet d. all of the above 

4.Product operation software quality factors include________. 

a.Correctness,reliability b .Efficiency, Integrity 

c. Usability d. all of the above 

5.The main goal of ________ component is to be eliminate or at least reduce the rate of errors, based on the organization’s accumulated SQA experience. 

a.human software quality b .pre-project software quality 

c. infrastructure error prevention & improvement d. none of the above 

6.The development life cycle stage component detect design and programming errors. It components are divided into sub-classes. 

a. Expert opinions b .reviews 

c. software testing d. all of the above 

7._______componnets implement international professional and managerial standards within the organization. 

a.standardization,certification & SQA assessment 

b .software quality management 

c. project life cycle assessment d. none of the above 

8.SQA product revision quality factors includes_________. 

a.Flexibility b .Testability 

c. Maintainbility d. all of the above 

9.________is an ongoing process within the software development life cycle(SDLC) that routinely checks the developed software to ensure it meets the desired quality measures. 

a.TQM b .QC 

c. SQA d. none of the above 

10.The main goal of SQA infrastructure is prevention of __________. 

a.Software faults b .over budget 

c. communication gap d. none of the above 

11. Which quality is measured as a foundation of requirement…? a) Hardware b) Programmers c)Software d) None of the mentioned 

12. Which of the following is not included in prevention cost? a) equipment calibration and maintenance b) formal technical reviews c) test equipment reviews d) quality planning reviews 

13. Select the people who identify the document and verifies the correctness of the software… a) Project manager b) SQA team c) Project team d) All of the mentioned 

14.The elements of software quality assurance consist reviews, audit and testing. 

a. True b. False 

15.Software quality might be defined as conformance to explicitly stated requirements and standards, nothing more and nothing less. 

a. True b. False 

16. Software reliability problems can almost always be traced to_______. 

a) errors in accuracy b) errors in design c) errors in implementation d) b and c 

17. Select the option which is not an appraisal in SQA? a) inter-process inspection b) maintenance c) testing d) quality planning 

18. Faults are found most cost-effectively in which test activity? a. design b. execution c. planning d. Check Exit criteria completion 

19. What does QA and QC stand for? 

a. Quality Adjustment and Queuing control 

b.Quality Assurance and Quality control 

c. Quality Adjustment and Quality completion 

d. Quality Assurance and Queuing Control 

20. Which of the following is an example of QA? 

a. Validation b. Software testing 

c. Verification d. Documentation 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

21.Enlist SQA components. 

22.State the main objectives of management SQA components. 

23.Enlist the factors of software quality requirements. 

24.Enlist the categories of McCall’s quality factors model. 

25.Enlist the product operation software quality factors. 

26.Enlist the product transition software quality factors. 

27.Enlist the product revision software quality factors. 

Chapter 3. Project Life Cycle 

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1. V model means __________. 

a) Verification & validation model b) Validation model 

c) Verification model d) none of these 

2. CASE tools provides _____ with no expected coding errors as well as automated documentation of correctness 

a) testing module b) automated coding 

c) verification d) none of these 

3. A CASE is a ___________tool. 

a) Computer Aided Soft Engineering. b) Compact Aided Software Engineering 

c) Computer Aided Software Engineering d) none of these 

4.BRS stands for _______. 

a) Business Registered Software b) Business Requirement Specification 

c) Business Requirement Software d) none of these 

4.BRS stands for _______. 

a) Business Registered Software b) Business Requirement Specification 

c) Business Requirement Software d) none of these 

5.______is a process used by the software industry to design,develop and test high quality software and its goal to produce a high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within time and cost estimates. 

a) Software development life cycle b) software development process 

c) Software testing life cycle d)both a and b 

6. Software life cycle______describes phases of the software cycle and the order in which those phases are executed. Each phase produces deliverables required by the next phase in the life cycle. 

a) process b) methodology 

c) models d) all of the above 

7.The ________illustrates the software development process ina linear sequential flow. This means that any phase in the development process begins only if the previous phase is complete. 

a) Waterfall model b) spiral model 

c) RAD model d) all of the above 

8.The ________build model is a method of software development where the product is designed ,implemented and tested incrementally. 

a) spiral b) prototyping 

c) Incremental d) none of these 

9._____as a software development methodology has been found to be efficient and effective mainly for small to medium sized software development projects. 

a) Incremental b) prototyping 

c) Iterative d) none of these 

10.The basic idea behind____________ is to develop a system through repeated cycles and in smaller portion at a time. 

a) iterative b) spiral 

c) waterfall d) all of the above 

11.___model combines the idea of iterative development with the systematic, controlled aspects of the waterfall model. 

a) rad b) agile 

c) spiral d) none of these 

12.________examines the consistency of the product being developed with product developed in previous phases. 

a) verification b) qualification 

c) validation d) none of these 

13._______model is a software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations called Spirals. 

a) iterative b) spiral 

c) waterfall d) all of the above 

15. Software_______is a becoming very popular as a software development model,as it enables to understand customer requirements at an early stage of development. 

a)increment b) spirals 

c) prototyping d) none of these 

16.CASE stands for_____________. 

a) Computer Aided Software Engineering 

b) Computer Assisted Software Engineering 

c) Computer Application Software Engineering 

d) none of these 

17. The V-model is an SDLC model where execution of processes happened in a sequential manner in a V shape and also known as______model. 

a) Verification and Qualification b) Verification & Validation 

c) Qualification & Validation d) none of these 

18.________SDLC model is a combination of iterative and incremental process models with focus on process adaptability and customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of working software product. 

a) Agile b) spiral 

c) iterative d) all of the above 

19._______model is a based on prototyping and iterative development with no specific planning involved.The process of writing the software itself involves the planning required for developing the product. 

a) Agile b) Prototyping 

c) RAD d) all of the above 

20.The V model is a extension of the________ model and is based on the association of a testing phase foe each corresponding development stage. 

a)incremental b) spiral 

c) waterfall d) all of the above 

21. A CASE _______is a central place of storage where product specifications,requirement documents,related reports and diagrams ,other useful information regarding management is stored. 

a) repository b) database 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

22.CASE________are set 

a)repository b) tools 

c) dictionary d) none of the above 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

23.What is Project? 

24.What is Project Life Cycle? 

25. What is CASE? 

26. What is CASE tool?Enlist them. 

27. What is CASE repository? 

28. Enlist the phases of project life cycle. 

29. Enlist the software development methodologies. 

30. What is advantages of waterfall model? 

31. What is advantages of spiral model? 

32. What is advantages of RAD model? 

33 What is advantages of agile model? 

34. What is advantages of incremental model? 

35. What is advantages of prototype model? 

36. What is advantages of V model? 

37.What are the features of waterfall model? 

38. What are the features of spiral model? 

39. What are the features of RAD model? 

40. What are the features of agile model? 

41. What are the features of incremental model? 

42. What are the features of prototype model? 

43. What are the features of V model? 

44. What is verification? 

45. What is validation? 

46.Enlist the verification techniques. 

47. Which are the sub system of validation? 

48.What is dynamic testing? 

49.What is static testing? 

50. What is functional testing? 

51. What is structural testing? 

52.What is random testing? 

53.What is certification? 

Chapter 4. Software Quality Infrastructure Components 

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1. Selection of SCM tools should be based on the following features. 

a) Cross-platform support b) development empowerment 

c) match to existing work practices d) all of the above 

2. Typs of audit that should be performed prior to releases of a product baseline or a revision of an existing baseline________. 

a) Physical Configuration Audit(PCA) 

b) Functional configuration Audit(FCA) 

c) PCA and FCA d)none of the above 

3. The objectives of the change control process are______. 

a) Be sure changes are tested and a backout plan exists. 

b) Track changes and ensure quality 

c) inform users d) all of the above 

4. SQA infrastructure components contains____. 

a)Quality support devices such as Templates and checklists 

b) procedure and work instruction 

c) software configuration management d) all of the above 

5. A procedure in SQA is___________. 

a) a particular way of accomplishing something 

b) process to be performed according to a given method for the purpose of a accomplishing task. 

c) both a & b d) none of the above 

6. The contribution of templates to software quality includes___________. 

a) Ensure that documents prepared by the developer are more complete 

b) facilitates the process of preparing documents 

c) enables easier location of the information 

d) all of the above 

7. The SQA _____assures conformity of activities to the software’s quality requirements and performance of the associated activities is an efficient and effective performance. 

a) procedures b) work instruction 

c) work manual d) all of the above 

8. ___ refers to the list of items specially constructed for each type of document or a menu of preparation to be completed prior to performing an activity such as installing a software package at the client.. 

a) templates b) checklists 

c) documentation d) both a and b 

9. SQA work __ are complementary tools, used to define local variations in the application of the procedures by specific teams or departments. 

a) manual b) instructions 

c) procedures d) none of the above 

10. Software configuration management task and organization includes________. 

a) provision of SCM information services 

b) control software change 

c) release of SCI and software configuration versions d) all of the above 

11. _______ is the SQA component assigned to manage changes and supply accurate answers to inquiries of clients. 

a) Software Content Management (SCM) 

b) Software Construction Management(SCM) 

c) Software Configuration Management(SCM) d) all of the above 

12. SQA ________define the activities performed in order to achieve given tasks, where performance is universal to the entire organization. 

a) manual b) instructions 

c) procedure d) none of the above 

13. Supporting quality devices in SQA contains______-tools. 

a) templates b) checklists 

c) documentataions d) both a and b 

14. ____________-is an approved unit of software code, a document that is designed for configuration management and treated as a distinct entry in the software configuration management processes. 

a) Software Condiguration Item(SCI) b) Configuration Item(CI) 

c) both and b d) none of the above 

15. Software change management controls the process of introducing changes mainly by_____. 

a) assuring the quality of each new version of software configuration before it becomes operational 

b) examining change request & approving implementation of appropriate requests 

c) both a and b 

d) none of the above 

16. The need to release a new software configuration version usually steam from one or more of the following_________-conditions. 

a) the teams initiatives to introduce SCI improvements 

b) Defective SCIs 

c) special feature demanded by new customers 

d) all of the above 

17. The collection of all SQA features is usually referred to as the SQA procedures________. 

a) review b) instruction 

c) manual d) all of the above 

18. The computerized SCM tools provides___________. 

a) secures the coe version from any changes ,deletion & other damages. 

b) activities back up procedures required for safe SCM file storage 

c) secure the documentation files 

d) all of the above 

19. The contribution of checklist to software quality introduce________. 

a) help developers carrying out self-check of document 

b) assist developer in their preparation for tasks 

c) both a and b 

d) none of the above 

Ans: c 

20. SCM deals with all the issues related to _____________. 

a) control of software changes & proper documentation of changes 

b) registering & storing the approved software versions 

c) supply of copy of registered versions throughout the software system’s life cycle. 

d) all of the above 

21. SCM ________ may be combined with internal quality issues and are expected to initiate update and changes of SCM procedures & instructions. 

a) auditis b) manuals 

c) procedures d) none of the above 

22. Various types of software configuration releases are_________. 

a) baseline versions b) intermediate versions 

c) revisions d) all of the above 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

23. Define: Procedure 

24. Define: Templates 

25. Define: Work instruction 

26. Define: SCI or CI 

27. Define templates. 

28. Define checklist. 

29. Which are the benefits of software configuration management? 

30. Enlist SCM computerized tool. 

31. Enlist various types of standards. 

32. What are the advantages of Standard? 

33. What is actual CI? 

34. What is authorized CIs? 

35. Which is the objective of software change control? 

36. What is SCMP? 

37. What is linear evolution model? 

38. What is tree evolution model? 

39. What is audit? 

40. Enlist the types of audits. 

41. Which is the types of automated tools? 

Chapter 5. Software Quality Metrics 

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1. Software______maintenance metrics deal with several aspects of the quality of maintenance service. 

a) adaptive b) functional improvement 

c) corrective d) all of the above 

Ans:c 

2. _____________used for comparison of performance data with indicators, quantative values like defined software quality standards, quality targets etc. 

a) Metrics b) measurement 

c) indicators d) all of the above 

Ans:a 

3. Metric is used for comparison of performance data with indicators,quantative such as __________. 

a) quality target set for organization 

b) defined software quality standards 

c) average quality achievement of the organization 

d) all of the above 

Ans:d 

4. ______services-correction of software failures identified by customers or detected by the customer service team prior to their discovery by customers. 

a) help desk b) corrective maintenance 

c) both a and b d)none of the above 

Ans:b 

5. __________metric access the effectiveness and quality of software process, determine maturity of the process, effort required in the process, effectiveness of defect removal during and so on. 

a) product b) process 

c) project d) all of the above 

Ans:b 

6. Which of the following metrics are used to indicate the size of the program? 

a) number of programmers needed to build a program 

b) cost to build a program 

c) function points d) number of paths 

Ans:c 

7. _______metric is the measurement of work product produced during different phases of software development. Product metrics help to detect and correct potential problems before they result in defects. 

a) project b) process 

c) product d) all of the above 

Ans:c 

8. ______is a classic metric measures the size of software by thousands of code lines. 

a) KLOC b) LOC 

c) PLOC d) none of the above 

Ans:a 

9. _______metric are based on all customer calls while corrective maintenance metric are based on failure reports. 

a) corrective maintenance b) help desk(HD) 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

Ans:a 

10. Limitations of software metrics includes________. 

a) Uncertainty regarding the data’s validity 

b) budget constraints in allocating the necessary resources like manpower, money etc. 

c) human factors, especially opposition of employees to evaluation of their activities 

d) all of the above 

Ans:d 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

11.What is metric? 

12.Enlist the main objectives of software quality metric. 

13.State the definition of new software quality metrics. 

14.State the uses of product metrics. 

15. Define:Product metric. 

16. Define: process metric 

17. Define: Adaptive maintenance 

18. Define: Corrective maintenance 

19.Define product quality metrics 

20. Define:Mean-time-to-failure 

21. Define:Defect density 

22.What are the uses of software metrics? 

23.State the features of good software quality metrics. 

Chapter 6. Software Quality Standards, Certification & Assessment 

Que : Multiple Choice Question. 

1. Quality management _________ focus on the organization’s SQA system, infrastructure and requirements, while leaving the choice of methods & tools to the organization. 

a) standards b) Rules 

c) Guidelines d) none of the above 

Ans:a 

2. Software Quality Assurance standards can be classified into__________. 

a) Software quality assurance management 

b) Software project development process standards 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

3. The __________ certification process verifies that an organization’s software development & maintenance processes fully comply with the standard’s requirement. 

a) ISO 9000-3 b) IEEE 1012 

c) IEEE/EIA 12207 d) all of the above 

Ans:a 

4. Following which quality management standards focus on the organization’s SQA system, infrastructure and requirements, while leaving the choice of methods and tools to the organization. 

a) Quality b) Project 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

Ans:a 

5. Assessment standards aim to______. 

a) Serve software development & maintenance organization as a tool for self-assessment. 

b) Serve as a tool for improvement of development & maintenance processes. 

c) both a & b d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

6. ______,the guidelines offered by the International ISO,represent implementation of the general methodology of quality management ISO 9000 standards to the special case of software developments & maintenance. 

a) IEEE 1012-1998 b) IEEE/EIA 12207 

c) ISO 9000-3 d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

7. Example of Quality Management Standards includes__________. 

a) ISO 9000-3 b) Capacity Maturity Model (CMM) 

c) ISO/IEC 12207 d) both a & b 

Ans:d 

8. The _____ methodology for software process assessment & improvement was initially developed by taking the original SEI model as 

a starting point & extending it with features based on the guidelines from ISO 9000 quality standards & ESA. Process model standards. 

a) BOOTSTRAP b) SPICE 

c) ISO/IEC d) none of the above 

Ans:a 

9. Which of the following is not one of the five maturity level in the SEI CMM framework? 

a) Repeatable b) Testable 

c) Defined d) Managed 

Ans:b 

10. _________is the product of intensive cooperative efforts exerted by several major standards organizations for the purpose of developing a global software life cycle processes standard. 

a) IEEE std 1012 b) ISO 9000-3 

c)IEEE/EIA std 12207 d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

11. Following which quality standards focus on the methodologies for implementing the software development & maintenance project. 

a) Quality b) Project 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

Ans:b 

12. _______ was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 176,Quality management and quality assurance,Subcommitte SC2,Quality System. 

a) ISO 9001 b) IEEE 1012-1998 

c) IEEE/EIA 12207 d) all of the above 

Ans:a 

13. The CMMI model is composed of five levels namely_________. 

a) Initial, Managed b) Defined, Quantitatively managed 

c) Optimizing d) all of the above 

Ans:d 

14. _________ and _________ are example of compressive standards that cover all aspects of software quality management and the software development life cycle, respectively. 

a) ISO 9000-3 b) IEEE/EIA 12207 

c) both a & b d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

15. ______ standards for software verification and validation(V&V). 

a) ISO 9000-3 b) IEEE/EIA 12207 

c) IEEE std 1012-1998 d) none of the above 

Ans:c 

16. Which of the following groups normally does not conduct an IT baseline study? 

a) Quality assurance groups b) Quality task forces 

c) IT management d) internal auditors 

Ans: d 

17. _________is an integrated development of CMM and a collection of set of very effective & reliable best practices that can help an organization improve quality, standards and efficiency. 

a) CMM b) CMMI 

c) both a and b d) none of the above 

Ans: b 

18. _________is an international framework for assessment of software processes developed jointly by the ISO and the IEC and specified in ISO/IEC – 15504. 

a)BOOTSTRAP b) SPICE 

c) ISO/IEEE d) none of the above 

Ans: b 

Que :Answer the following Question. 

19. What is standard? 

20. Enlist benefit of standard. 

21. What are the types of quality management standard? 

22. What is CMM? 

23. What is CMMI? 

24. Compare CMM and CMMI. 

25. Compare Quality Management Standard and Project Process standard. 

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INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

                                                              INTRODUCTION TO JAVA    .

JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It was developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton. 

It is a simple programming language.  Writing, compiling and debugging a program is easy in java.  It helps to create modular programs and reusable code.

*Java phrasing

Before we begin learning Java, lets get comfortable with regular java terms. 

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) 

This is by and large alluded as JVM. Previously, we examine about JVM lets see the periods of program execution. 

Stages are as per the following: we compose the program, at that point we order the program and finally we run the program. 

1) Writing of the program is obviously done by java software engineer like you and me. 

2) Compilation of program is finished by javac compiler, javac is the essential java compiler remembered for java advancement pack (JDK).

 It takes java program as info and produces java bytecode as yield. 

3) In third stage, JVM executes the bytecode produced by compiler. This is called program run stage. 

Along these lines, since we comprehended that the essential capacity of JVM is to execute the bytecode created by compiler.

 Each working framework has diverse JVM, anyway the yield they produce after execution of bytecode is same across all working frameworks.

That is the reason we call java as stage free language.

* BYTE CODE

As talked about above, javac compiler of JDK gathers the java source code into bytecode so it very well may be executed by JVM. The bytecode is saved in a .class document by compiler.

*JDK(JAVA DEVLOPMENT KIT).

While clarifying JVM and bytecode, I have utilized the term JDK. We should examine about it.

 As the name recommends this is finished java advancement pack that incorporates JRE (Java Runtime Environment), compilers and different devices like JavaDoc, Java debugger and so on 

To make, arrange and run Java program you would require JDK introduced on your PC.

*Java Run Time Envoirment.(JRE)

JRE is a piece of JDK which implies that JDK incorporates JRE. 

At the point when you have JRE introduced on your framework, you can run a java program anyway you will not have the option to aggregate it.

 JRE incorporates JVM, program modules and applets support. At the point when you just need to run a java program on your PC, you would just need JRE.

MAIN FEATURES OF JAVA 

                     JAVA Is a Platform Independent Language

  *Java is a object oriented Language *

Object oriented programming is a way of organizing programs as collection of objects, each of which represents an instance of a class.

4 main concepts of Object Oriented programming are:

Abstraction

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Basic 

Java is considered as one of straightforward language since it doesn't have complex highlights like Operator over-burdening, Multiple legacy, pointers and Explicit memory portion. 

Vigorous Language 

Powerful methods dependable. Java programming language is created such that puts a ton of accentuation on early checking for potential mistakes, 

that is the reason java compiler can distinguish blunders that are difficult to recognize in other programming dialects.

 The fundamental highlights of java that makes it powerful are trash assortment, Exception Handling and memory assignment. 

Secure 

We don't have pointers and we can't access out of bound exhibits (you get ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in the event that you attempt to do as such) in java.

 That is the reason a few security blemishes like stack debasement or support flood is difficult to abuse in Java. 

Java is appropriated 

Utilizing java programming language we can make dispersed applications. RMI(Remote Method Invocation) and EJB(Enterprise Java Beans) are utilized for making dispersed applications in java.

 In straightforward words: The java projects can be circulated on more than one frameworks that are associated with one another utilizing web association. 

Articles on one JVM (java virtual machine) can execute systems on a distant JVM. 

Multithreading 

Java upholds multithreading. Multithreading is a Java highlight that permits simultaneous execution of at least two pieces of a program for most extreme usage of CPU. Compact 

As examined above, java code that is composed on one machine can run on another machine. The stage free byte code can be conveyed to any stage for execution that makes java code convenient.

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Java Program to Print an Integer (Entered by the User)

 

Java Program to Print an Integer (Entered by the User)

import java.util.Scanner;

class Int{

public static void main(String args[])

{

int num; 

System.out.println("Enter value is:");  

Scanner obj=new Scanner(System.in);

num=obj.nextInt();

System.out.println("Eneterd value is:"+num);   

}

}

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Software Devlopmnet Engineers off-Campus Internship

Software Devlopmnet Engineers off-Campus Internship

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